Neurosurgical Management of Intractable Pain

Defining the Scope of the Problem

Pain Facts
Lower Back Pain

Additional Pain Facts

Impact of the Problem

Pain Definitions

Pain Types

Evaluation of the Chronic Pain Patient

Multidisciplinary Approach
 Dedicated Pain Clinic Specialists

Neurosurgeon’s Role

Multidisciplinary Approach
Ancillary Staff

Pain Treatment
Continuum

Measurement of Outcomes

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Neuromodulation Procedures

Advantages of Neuromodulation

Selection Criteria for Implantable Neuromodulation Therapy

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Spinal Cord Stimulation

Spinal Cord Stimulation
Clinical Applications

Spinal Cord Stimulation
Patient Selection

Spinal Cord Stimulation
Stage I - Screening Trial

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"“Effective pain relief is..."

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Complications of SCS

Spinal Cord Stimulation
Results and Outcomes

Spinal Cord Stimulation for Angina

SCS for Peripheral Vascular Disease

SCS for Peripheral Vascular Disease

Peripheral Nerve Stimulation

Peripheral Nerve Stimulation

Occipital Nerve Stimulation

Stimulation of Spinal Nerve Roots

Deep Brain Stimulation

Deep Brain Stimulation
Clinical Indications

Results of DBS

Motor Cortex Stimulation

Motor Cortex Stimulation

Trigeminal Stimulation

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Spinal Opiates

Indications for Spinal Opiates

Contraindications to Spinal Opiates

Spinal Opiate Therapy
Additional Considerations

Spinal Infusion Techniques

Constant Flow Pumps

Programmable Pumps

Spinal Opiate Screening Trials

Morphine Screening Trial
Continuous Infusion

Opiates for IT Infusion

Non- Opiate Agents for IT Infusion

Intraspinal Drug Infusion
General Guidelines

Clinical Guidelines for Intraspinal Drug Infusion

Clinical Guidelines for Intraspinal Drug Infusion

Clinical Guidelines for Intraspinal Drug Infusion

Clinical Guidelines for Intraspinal Drug Infusion

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Ablative Surgery

Ablative Surgery
Advantages

Ablative Surgery
Disadvantages

Ablative Procedures

Sites for Neuroablation

Peripheral Neurectomy

Dorsal Root Ganglionectomy (DRG)
Physiological Basis

Dorsal Root Ganglionectomy

Sympathectomy

Dorsal Root Entry Zone (DREZ) Lesion

DREZ - Clinical Indications

Open Anterolateral Cordotomy

Open Anterolateral Cordotomy
Results and Complications

Percutaneous Cordotomy

Percutaneous Cordotomy Correlative Anatomy

Percutaneous C1-2 Cordotomy
Classical Technique

Percutaneous Cordotomy
 Classical Technique

Electrode Configurations

CT-Guided Percutaneous Cordotomy

Percutaneous Cordotomy
Results - Unilateral Procedure

Percutaneous Cordotomy
Results - Bilateral Procedures

Midline (Commissural) Myelotomy

Midline Myelotomy

Mesencephalic Tractotomy

Mesencephalic Tractotomy

Mesencephalic Tractotomy

 Thalamotomy for Pain

Medial Thalamotomy

Ventrocaudal Parvicellular (VCpc) Thalamotomy

Pulvinotomy

Cingulotomy

Cingulotomy

Pituitary Ablation